Indonesia rated as having the most barriers to international trade

Indonesia is ranked 122nd in the International Trade Barriers Index 2025 published by the research organization and is the region with the most international trade barriers.The index measures direct and indirect barriers to trade in 122 regions covering a global GDP of 971 TP3T and a world population of 801 TP3T. The top 5 are Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Israel, Canada and Japan, while Indonesia is at the bottom of the ranking along with Vietnam and Thailand. Indonesia's low ranking is mainly due to the implementation of high trade tariffs and service restrictions. For example, service restrictions were imposed on the iPhone 16 product, which was banned from sale in Indonesia because it did not meet the domestic component content (TKDN) requirements. Among the dimensions assessed by the TBI, Indonesia scores low on tariffs and services at 7.11 and 8.15 respectively, placing it at 109th and 122nd out of 122 countries; 79th with a score of 2.1 on non-tariff barriers; and 87th with a score of 6 on facilitation, giving it an overall score of 5.84. The ITBI divides barriers to trade into two categories: direct and indirect. Two categories. Direct barriers include tariffs, non-tariff barriers and service restrictions; indirect barriers cover logistics performance, intellectual property rights, digital trade restrictions and free trade agreement membership.